Panduan Lengkap Cara Konfigurasi DNS Server debian 8 di Virtualbox
August 10, 2017
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hpk
Sebelumnya kalian harus tahu apa itu DNS server? DNS Server merupakan server yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan IP address menjadi hostnamenya.Contohnya seperti google.com dan DNS server dari google adalah 8.8.8.8 .Dengan DNS server kita jadi lebih gampang untuk menghafal alamat dari suatu server bukan?.
Kelebihan DNS diantara lain Mudah untuk dihafalkan, dan Praktis untuk diatur oleh admin.
Perlengkapan
1.Virtual box
2.Debian 8.0.0 Disk 1
3.IP address yang saya gunakan 192.168.220.14/28
Peringatan ! Sebelumnya atur dulu IP address.Baca juga Konfigurasi IP Address Debian 8
Langkah Pertama Edit File Sources List
Perintah : nano /etc/apt/sources.list
# deb
cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54]/ jessie contrib main
deb
cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54]/ jessie contrib main
#deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main
contrib
#deb-src http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main
contrib
#
jessie-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
# A network
mirror was not selected during install.
The following entries
# are provided
as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your
mirror of choice.
#
# deb
http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib
# deb-src
http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib
Langkah Kedua Menyiapkan DVD Installer
Perintah : apt-cdrom add
Using CD-ROM
mount point /media/cdrom/
Unmounting
CD-ROM...
Waiting for
disc...
Please insert a
Disc in the drive and press enter
Hasilnya :
Mounting
CD-ROM...
Identifying...
[fac80d65298789830c3c5471068c5106-2]
Scanning disc
for index files...
Found 2 package
indexes, 0 source indexes, 2 translation indexes and 0 signatures
This disc is called:
'Debian
GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20150425-12:54'
Reading Package
Indexes... Done
Reading
Translation Indexes... Done
Writing new
source list
Source list
entries for this disc are:
deb
cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54]/ jessie contrib main
Unmounting
CD-ROM...
Repeat this
process for the rest of the CDs in your set.
root@ns1:~#
Langkah Ketiga Refresh DVD installer
Perintah : apt-get update
Ign
cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54] jessie InRelease
Ign
cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54] jessie Release.gpg
Ign
cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54] jessie Release
Ign
cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54] jessie/contrib amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign
cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54] jessie/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign
cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54] jessie/contrib Translation-en_US
Ign
cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 8.0.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1
20150425-12:54] jessie/main Translation-en_US
Reading
package lists... Done
root@ns1:~#
Langkah Ke-empat Menginstall Paket Program DNS server
Perintah : apt-get install bind9 bind9utils
Hasil :
Reading package
lists... Done
Building
dependency tree
Reading state information...
Done
Suggested
packages:
bind9-doc resolvconf ufw
The following
NEW packages will be installed:
bind9 bind9utils
0 upgraded, 2
newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0
B/480 kB of archives.
After this
operation, 1,654 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Preconfiguring
packages ...
Selecting
previously unselected package bind9utils.
(Reading
database ... 29701 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to
unpack .../bind9utils_9.9.5.dfsg-9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking
bind9utils (1:9.9.5.dfsg-9) ...
Selecting
previously unselected package bind9.
Preparing to
unpack .../bind9_9.9.5.dfsg-9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bind9
(1:9.9.5.dfsg-9) ...
Processing
triggers for man-db (2.7.0.2-5) ...
Processing
triggers for systemd (215-17) ...
Setting up
bind9utils (1:9.9.5.dfsg-9) ...
Setting up
bind9 (1:9.9.5.dfsg-9) ...
Adding group
`bind' (GID 113) ...
Done.
Adding system
user `bind' (UID 108) ...
Adding new user
`bind' (UID 108) with group `bind' ...
Not creating home
directory `/var/cache/bind'.
wrote key file
"/etc/bind/rndc.key"
#
Processing
triggers for systemd (215-17) ...
root@ns1:~#
Langkah Ke-Lima Konfigurasi DNS Server
a.Pindah ke direktori /etc/bind. Perintah : cd /etc/bind
b.Tampilkan daftar file /etc/bind. Perintah : ls
Tampilan :
bind.keys db.empty
named.conf.default-zones
zones.rfc1918
db.0 db.local named.conf.local db.root
named.conf.options db.255
named.conf rndc.key
c.Edit File named.conf.local. Catatan : perintah dibawah kita masukkan ketika kita masih di direktori /etc/bind
Perintah : nano named.conf.local
Hasilnya :
//
//
Do any local configuration here
//
//
Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your
//
organization
//include
"/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918";
zone
"myzone.local"
{
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.myzone";
};
zone
"220.168.192.in-addr.arpa"
{
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.192.168.220";
};
Keterangan :
a.myzone.local merupakan nama domain yang saya gunakan.Silahkan ganti "myzone" sesuai selera kalian.
b.Master merupakan tipe data.Jangan DiUBAH!!!
c.db.myzone saya sarankan ikuti saya dulu.Boleh diganti jika sudah paham
d.220.168.192 merupakan IP address yang kita gunakan tetapi dibalik
.Misal ip address saya 10.17.68.29
jadi yang kita ketik disana 68.17.10.in-addr.arpa
d.in-addr-arpa jangan diubah karena defaultnya seperti itu.
Langkah Ke-6 membuat File konfigurasi db.myzone
Perintah :root@ns1:/etc/bind# cp db.local db.myzone (Untuk mengcopy file db.local)
root@ns1:/etc/bind# nano db.myzone (Untuk mengedit isi file db.myzone
Isi File Asli :
;
; BIND data file
for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
2 ;
Serial
604800 ;
Refresh
86400 ;
Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ;
Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS localhost.
@ IN A 127.0.0.1
@ IN AAAA ::1
Hasil Editing :
;
; BIND data
file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns1.myzonelocal. root.ns1.myzone.local. (
2 ;
Serial
604800 ;
Refresh
86400 ;
Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ;
Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns1.myzone.local.
@ IN A 192.168.220.14
ns1 IN A 192.168.220.14
mydns IN CNAME ns1.myzone.local.
Keterangan :
a.ns1.myzone.local isi myzone.local sesuai nama yang kalian isi pada langkah mengedit file named.conf.local
b.root.ns1.myzone.local sama seperti yang diatas namun diberi awalan root.
c.192.168.220.14 isi sesuai alamat IP.
d.mydns isi sesuai selera tapi saya sarankan untuk mengikuti saya terlebih dahulu.
Langkah Ke-7 membuat File konfigurasi db.192.168.220.14
Perintah :root@ns1:/etc/bind# cp db.127 db.192.168.220(Mengcopy file db.127 menjadi file db.192.168.220
root@ns1:/etc/bind# nano db.192.168.220 (Mengedit file db.192.168.220)
Isi File asli :
;
; BIND reverse
data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ;
Serial
604800 ;
Refresh
86400 ;
Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ;
Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS localhost.
1.0.0 IN PTR localhost.
Hasil Editing :
;
; BIND reverse
data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns1.myzone.local. root.ns1.myzone.local. (
1 ;
Serial
604800 ;
Refresh
86400 ;
Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ;
Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns1.myzone.local.
14 IN PTR ns1.myzone.local.
Keterangan :
a.ns1.myzone.local dan root.ns1.myzone.local sama seperti panduan diatas isi saja sesuai.
b.14 merupakan host-id dari Ip yang kita gunakan yaitu 192.168.220.14.
Langkah Ke-8 merestart Service DNS
Perintah :
root@ns1:/etc/bind#
service bind9 restart
Langkah Ke-9 Menguji Konfigurasi DNS
Perintah : root@ns1:/etc/bind#
named-checkconf
Jika tidak ada pesan error artinya aman.
Langkah Ke-10 Menguji Penulisan Zone File
Perintah : root@ns1:/etc/bind# named-checkzone
myzone.local db.myzone
Jika tidak ada pesan error artinya aman.
Langkah Ke-11 Menguji Kerja Service DNS
Perintah :
root@ns1:~# dig
@192.168.220.14 ns1.myzone.local
Hasilnya :
;
<<>> DiG 9.9.5-9-Debian <<>> @192.168.220.14
ns1.myzone.local
;
(1 server found)
;;
global options: +cmd
;;
Got answer:
;;
->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27088
;;
flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY:
1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;;
OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
;
EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;;
QUESTION SECTION:
;ns1.myzone.local. IN A
;;
ANSWER SECTION:
ns1.myzone.local. 604800
IN A 192.168.220.14
;;
AUTHORITY SECTION:
myzone.local. 604800 IN
NS ns1.myzone.local.
;;
Query time: 0 msec
;;
SERVER: 192.168.220.14#53(192.168.220.14)
;;
WHEN: Mon Aug 15 22:23:14 EDT 2016
;;
MSG SIZE rcvd: 75
Langkah Ke-12 Mengecek File DNS Revolver
Perintah :
root@ns1:/etc/bind#
nano /etc/resolv.conf
search
myzone.local
nameserver
192.168.220.14
Langkah Ke-13(Terakhir) Menguji Konektivitas DNS.
Perintah :
root@ns1:~# ping
ns1.myzone.local
root@ns1:~# ping
mydns
Hasilnya
PING ns1.myzone.local
(192.168.220.14) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from ns1.myzone.local (192.168.220.14): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.014 ms
64 bytes from ns1.myzone.local (192.168.220.14): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms
64 bytes from ns1.myzone.local (192.168.220.14): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms
64 bytes from ns1.myzone.local (192.168.220.14): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.014 ms
64 bytes from ns1.myzone.local (192.168.220.14): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms
64 bytes from ns1.myzone.local (192.168.220.14): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms
Selesai ! . Gimana guys gampang-gampang susah kan?.Memang,untuk mengubahnya kita harus punya kemampuan dasar seperti mengenal perintah-perintah linux dan mengetahui hotkeynya.
Cukup sekian, Semoga artikel ini bermanfaat.Wassalamualaikum :).
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